Issue 19 - Evidence, November 19, 2012 (afternoon meeting)
WINNIPEG, Monday, November 19, 2012
The Standing Senate Committee on Human Rights met this day at 2 p.m. to 
 study issues pertaining to the human rights of First Nations band members 
 who reside off-reserve, with an emphasis on the current federal policy 
 framework.
Senator Patrick Brazeau (
Deputy Chair) in the chair.
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A number of people presented to the Senate Committe on Human Rights in Winnipeg, MB this past November. I was fortunate to be one of those people. My view is that the government is just looking a more ways to divide the Nations. Continuous categorization of Indians to separate them even further. We cannot get caught up in playing that game. Instead we just spoke about Thunderbird House to give some context to the plight of Indians in Manitoba and Canada. Here are the words I spoke to the Senate.  There were a number of other speakers there that day. You can click on the heading to link to their thoughts.
Thank you for reading. 
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Steve Courchesne, Member of the Board, Circle of Life Thunderbird 
 House: Honourable senators,
 meegwetch. I would really like to 
 welcome you to the area of Treaty 1. As an Ojibway person and signatory to 
 Treaty 1 as our family was, thank you for coming here and allowing us to 
 present.
I sit on the board for Thunderbird House and also Native Addictions 
 Council of Manitoba. We are here to talk about some of the issues pertaining 
 to urban Aboriginal people, especially within Winnipeg.
Let me start off with a story, this is the way the elders back home do 
 it. I am from Sagkeeng First Nation. Back home, every year there are a 
 number of sundances on our reserve. That was not the case when I was a kid 
 in the 1960s. You would not know there was a sundance ceremony going on on 
 our reserve when it happens, people know and they go. The sundance ceremony 
 is a ceremony of sacrifice; you forego food and water and you dance for four 
 days. The elders tell us that is the closest, while you are on earth, you 
 will get to the Creator, who comes and sits. There is a tree in a circle. 
 You stand and you dance and you look at that circle, and that is where 
 Thunderbirds come, and that is where the Creator comes and listens to you. 
 It is not about bravery, like the movies say, it is about sacrifice. You 
 sacrifice for your people for your community. People come and do that.
After this one sundance in our community, after the ceremony was done, 
 the flags were taken down, and people's offerings were taken away, someone 
 from our reserve went to that tree and defecated at the base of it. Now, 
 what does that have to do with Aboriginal people and us? Well literally, as 
 Aboriginal people, we are shitting on ourselves, and pardon me for the 
 vulgarity, my vulgar language, but that is a reflection of where we stand 
 right now. The basis of where we stand is that, you know what? We are 
 damaged people. Why are we damaged? Let us look at the history, and I am not 
 going to go over the stats and rehash everything because our people have 
 been saying it over and over here, and pointing it out quite clearly. I want 
 to say that if you are going to step on the tundra, there is going to be a 
 footprint there. That is what happened to Aboriginal people. The churches 
 and the government stepped on the people and left a footprint. For some 
 people, they have managed to succeed even though they have been stepped on, 
 but many of our people have not.
Look at the city of Winnipeg. You have an exodus of people leaving the 
 reserve and coming primarily to the inner cities. Why are they going there? 
 For a lot of reasons: work, lack of housing lack and resources. There is 
 another reason they go; it is a brain drain. People who are educated are 
 going to look elsewhere for opportunities. There are some good people who 
 stay and try helping the community, but opportunities are few and far 
 between.
Here in Winnipeg, there are a lot of good people out there and a lot of 
 organizations out there, like the Christian sect. If you look around this 
 area here in the heart of Winnipeg, Thunderbird House is on the notorious 
 Main Street, Main and Higgins. At one time, I remember in the 1970s there 
 used to be a bar right where Thunderbird House is situated — the Patricia. 
 Beside the bar there was a row of buildings. In that row, right where 
 Thunderbird house sits now, a place of spirituality and a place of welcome, 
 was a shooting gallery. It was like in the movies where you knock on a hard 
 steel door and people let you in. There is no electricity. It is dark and it 
 stinks. There is no real furniture there, but there are people everywhere, 
 and there are spent needles all over the place. I happened to frequent that 
 place when I was younger.
Anyway, it was an eye opener. People would curl up into a ball and try to 
 find a vein just to get that Talwin, Ritalin — it was Ts and Rs. It was the 
 cheap drug at that time. Indian people were poor. They had to make do. The 
 drug of choice in the 1970s, early 1980s was Ts and Rs. I remember one girl, 
 a friend of mine, they could not find her vein. What they did was there was 
 an old mattress and they laid her down, tilted her head back so she could 
 find a vein.
Thunderbird House and other organizations like it are ship havens in a 
 sea of decay. You have a lot of people accessing the city for hope, but a 
 lot of times there is no hope here. What you have is gangs and unemployment; 
 you have no opportunities.
People talk about equality. Well, we want equality; we want to be equal. 
 That is not the case. What you want is equity, the same starting ground. I 
 will give you an example. When someone goes to race in the Olympics, say the 
 800- yard dash, what do they do? Nobody starts at the same place; they 
 stagger the start so there is equity in the start, so it becomes equal after 
 the start. That is the same thing with Aboriginal people. It is not equal 
 because it cannot be equal, because there is no equity there. The starting 
 lines are different based on White privilege, education factors, poor this, 
 poor that, and all of that; you know that already. If we are honest with 
 ourselves, we know the history of Aboriginal people and we know the history 
 of the government initiatives. Rather than rehash that, we are going to talk 
 about the realities of the situation.
I volunteer at a couple of places, at a lot of different places. A lot of 
 my friends do. There are a lot of volunteers, a lot of good people out there 
 in the Aboriginal community. There is also a lot of despair. We call it the 
 "Indian factor." Do you know what the Indian factor is? The Indian factor 
 is this: We are hardest on our own selves. Why is that? Like I said, we are 
 stepped on; we are damaged. There are only so many resources out there. 
 There is the Aboriginal Council, there is MKO, SCO. There is a whole bunch 
 of organizations, but only a little bit of resources there. So what happens? 
 Well, we try to step on each other to get on top. That is systemic, colonial 
 mindset.
As my daughter says, "We are whitewashed." That is what happens — a lot 
 of Aboriginal people become whitewashed. We do not recognize our own 
 colonial attitudes towards each other and towards other people. Aboriginal 
 people will be stepping on the recent immigrants because they get resources. 
 That is the reality of fingers — little bits of resources, small pieces of 
 the pie, but there are a lot of people that need it — not want it, but need 
 those resources.
Thunderbird House was built in the year 2000. There has been some 
 political history. Like I said, the Indian factor is there. We attack each 
 other and we bash each other. One of the things about it, it is a safe 
 haven. Aboriginal elders tell you that organizations working for the people 
 are actually working for the Creator, because those are the Creator's 
 children you are trying to help. That is synonymous with what happens with 
 some of the organizations we have here, not just Thunderbird House, not 
 Native Addictions Council of Manitoba, but a lot of the organizations that 
 are here. I am here because I want you to feel what we feel. You know, we 
 are goodhearted people, kindhearted people. We believe in that sharing, that 
 kindness, that honesty and that faith. If you believe in those four things, 
 at least a little bit, then that circle works for you.
I wanted to greet you in Anishinabe, Ojibway. I cannot. Why? Because I am 
 damaged. Years ago there was the Heritage Language Act. Was Aboriginal 
 language part of that Heritage Language Act? Of course not.
Aboriginal people are here in this situation because of the foundations 
 of the roots of our relationship with the Crown, with the bureaucrats and 
 with the church. The church acted as an agent. The story I told at the 
 beginning here, it brings around what we are dealing with.
Aboriginal people have suffered an identity crisis, but there are strong 
 people out there that are keeping that identity alive and people are 
 grabbing at it again. They are embracing their identity. Those are the 
 people you see standing up and saying, "We can do it as Aboriginal people if 
 we look at being in an equitable position."
I will give you an example of what is not equitable. NACM is a native 
 addictions treatment centre. It has been here for 40 years. It is poorly 
 funded. It is in a building the government said itself is dead, basically 
 you are on a life line. Yet, you have a comparable organization like 
 Addictions Foundation of Manitoba, where they have an endless supply of 
 resources. That is the reality of things. You have Aboriginal people down 
 here and the main stream that are up here, and that is not equity.
I just wanted to say that what is happening with the Aboriginal people 
 here, Thunderbird House and all of that, is that you are creating a service 
 dump. In the big scheme of things the feds are getting out of the Indian 
 business. What they are doing is doing a service dump. What they want to do 
 with the service dump is dump their fiduciary responsibilities. Look at the 
 transfer agreements that they started with in the 1980s. That is exactly all 
 it was. They wanted to ease off and give responsibility to Aboriginal 
 people. Really what it was was a "fiduciary dump."
Aboriginal people are not as dumb as a lot of people think. We learn the 
 system just like anyone else.
In closing, I want to say that urban Aboriginal people need places like 
 the Thunderbird House, like NACM. There are a lot of comparable 
 organizations for Christian groups, non-native groups. You look at an 
 example right across from Thunderbird House, Youth for Christ. They have 
 huge money, millions, from the city. You look at Thunderbird House — my 
 executive director here, Sasha, works for nothing. There are absolutely no 
 dollars at Thunderbird House. Yet it shows the need and it shows that it is 
 viable.
One other thing about Thunderbird House is they have a host of ceremonial 
 aspects. A lot of Aboriginals say the city is dirty and they cannot do 
 ceremonies in the city. Where are these people going to have access to do 
 ceremonies? You see a lot of people in the city here, how many people have 
 an eagle feather? I bet one of you have an eagle feather. You look at the 
 average Aboriginal person and they will not have that eagle feather. It is 
 out of their reach. They do not have the resources or they do not have the 
 network to get that. Yet, that is something that is coveted and sacred. A 
 lot of people do not have one. That is something that is basic. They do not 
 have sweetgrass. It is just the way it is.
People like Sasha and a lot of my colleagues here, a lot of Aboriginal 
 people here, are fighting to change that. I will give you an example. We are 
 talking about a partnership with an organization called Comprehensive 
 Community —
* end of time.
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Here is what Walter Wastesicoot had to say to the Senat Committee. 
Walter Wastesicoot, Advisor Special Health Projects, Manitoba 
 Keewatinowi Okimakanak: My name is Walter Wastesicoot. I have 
 approximately 30 years of experience working with First Nations on issues 
 that directly impact them. In my personal experience, I was at the same 
 residential school that the previous speaker attended, the Mackay Indian 
 Residential School in Dauphin, Manitoba. I have that experience that I have 
 always drawn on in pursuing and attempting to gain redress for First Nations 
 issues.
I have a home that I own in a community in northern Manitoba, Thompson, 
 Manitoba. I have been paying taxes for a long time already, and I know what 
 that includes.
In terms of impacts of First Nations that are leaving reserves, in my 
 personal experience I never had the opportunity to go by choice to live on 
 the reserve because I spent much of my youth in an Indian residential 
 school. Upon leaving that institution, I returned home to find my family all 
 over. They too had attended different residential schools. I believe Robert 
 was speaking to the dysfunction that is left by such an experience in terms 
 of returning home to family.
One thing that we discussed in preparing this presentation was the fact 
 that racism in this country is so normalized. An example of that is the 
 discussion that we are here for today, the fact that we sit in this forum 
 and talk about the difference between on reserve and off reserve in relation 
 to the first citizens of this country. That is an example of how racism in 
 this country is normalized. In our experience, when there is a discussion 
 between on reserve and off reserve, that comes with a certain connotation 
 that usually involves money. People are looking to offload responsibility in 
 certain areas in an effort to save money.
Some time ago the leadership in our community spoke to the issue of on 
 reserve and off reserve. In trying to understand that myself, I approached 
 one of the community elders who happened to be living off reserve but had 
 spent most of his life on reserve. The only reason at the time he was living 
 off reserve was to access health care. However, when I asked him the 
 question about on reserve and off reserve, he was offended because of his 
 belief in the Creator's purpose. He said, "When I was born, the Creator 
 prepared everything on this earth that I would need to sustain myself." The 
 only thing that he had to do was respect everything that was prepared for 
 his use. However, the Creator never told him you cannot go here, you cannot 
 go there. Those were laws and regulations imposed by man.
I think I will leave it at that. Thank you.
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That last paragraph from Walter, says it all. A great presentation and emphasis on the Creator never told him you cannot go here, you cannot go there..."